[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“4.16″ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“][et_pb_row _builder_version=“4.16″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.16″ custom_padding=“|||“ global_colors_info=“{}“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.16″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“ text_orientation=“justified“ global_colors_info=“{}“ theme_builder_area=“post_content“]<\/p>\n
Ned\u00e1vno se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila zpr\u00e1va o spywaru, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu vl\u00e1dy n\u011bkolika zem\u00ed \u0161pehovaly nepohodln\u00e9 ob\u010dany, co\u017e v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohlo v\u00e9st i k\u00a0jejich vra\u017ed\u011b. Software jm\u00e9nem Pegasus m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0v\u00edce funkc\u00edm mobiln\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ne\u017e s\u00e1m u\u017eivatel, co\u017e z\u00a0n\u011bj tvo\u0159\u00ed vysoce \u00fa\u010dinnou zbra\u0148.<\/p>\n
\u0160pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed technologie jsou velmi hodnotnou zbran\u00ed ji\u017e mnoho let. Osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje jsou velmi cenn\u00fdm zbo\u017e\u00edm, a tak je logick\u00e9, \u017ee se je ur\u010dit\u00e9 skupiny lid\u00ed budou sna\u017eit z\u00edskat. K\u00a0tomu slou\u017e\u00ed cel\u00e1 \u0159ada technologi\u00ed, jednou z\u00a0nich je \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed software \u2013 spyware. R\u016fzn\u00e9 typy spywar\u016f ji\u017e funguj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od p\u0159elomu stolet\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e dle studie z\u00a0roku 2005 kolem 61% po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f bylo infikov\u00e1no n\u011bjakou formou tohoto softwaru. Posledn\u00ed kauza souvis\u00ed se spywarem jm\u00e9nem Pegasus, kter\u00fd byl prokazateln\u011b vyu\u017eit ke \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ei novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f, aktivist\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch. Kauza Pegasus je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli faktu, \u017ee syst\u00e9m zneu\u017e\u00edvaly vl\u00e1dy r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b k\u00a0z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch dat nepohodln\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n
Pegasus vytvo\u0159ila izraelsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost NSO Group, zalo\u017een\u00e1 v\u00a0roce 2010. Syst\u00e9m Pegasus se d\u00e1 stopovat do roku 2011, kdy mexick\u00fd prezident pod\u011bkoval NSO za poskytnut\u00ed slu\u017eeb k dopaden\u00ed \u0161\u00e9fa mexick\u00e9ho drogov\u00e9ho kartelu. Tehdy Pegasus vyu\u017e\u00edval ke \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ei p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm odkazy, na kter\u00e9 u\u017eivatel mobiln\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed musel kliknout. Tyto odkazy se nach\u00e1zely v\u00a0podvr\u017een\u00fdch e-mailech, iMessages apod. Dnes je v\u0161ak ji\u017e syst\u00e9m mnohem dokonalej\u0161\u00ed a k\u00a0\u00fapln\u00e9 kontrole nad za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm \u010dasto nevy\u017eaduje \u017e\u00e1dnou interakci od u\u017eivatele.<\/p>\n
Proces p\u0159evzet\u00ed kontroly prob\u00edh\u00e1 n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby. Bu\u010f p\u0159es slab\u00e1 m\u00edsta v\u00a0aplikac\u00edch (nap\u0159\u00edklad skrz WhatsApp nebo iMessage) nebo pomoc\u00ed tzv. zero-day exploits, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed chyb v\u00a0softwaru nap\u0159\u00edklad od Applu nebo Googlu, o kter\u00fdch ale v\u00fdrobci zat\u00edm nev\u00ed. Kv\u016fli \u00fatok\u016fm skrze WhatsApp Facebook \u017ealoval NSO v\u00a0roce 2019. V\u00a0t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech sta\u010d\u00ed, aby \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk nap\u0159\u00edklad zavolal ob\u011bti p\u0159es WhatsApp a i v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee ob\u011b\u0165 hovor nezvedne, tak \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk z\u00edsk\u00e1 plnou kontrolu nad za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. Oproti tomu zero-day exploits jsou je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cesta k\u00a0\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu proniknut\u00ed do za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, co\u017e z\u00a0nich d\u011bl\u00e1 mocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zbra\u0148. Proto tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti velmi zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st pracovn\u00ed n\u00e1pln\u011b skupiny zam\u011bstnanc\u016f NSO speci\u00e1ln\u011b pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch t\u00edmto \u00fakolem, d\u00e1le v\u0161ak NSO vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 celou \u0159adu externist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed hledaj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto chyby v\u00a0softwaru. Samotn\u00ed v\u00fdrobci jako Apple \u010di Google nab\u00edzej\u00ed odm\u011bny za nalezen\u00ed chyb, av\u0161ak spole\u010dnosti jako NSO plat\u00ed mnohem v\u00edce, tud\u00ed\u017e jsou obvykle o n\u011bkolik krok\u016f nap\u0159ed i p\u0159ed technologick\u00fdmi giganty, a to pr\u00e1v\u011b i d\u00edky slu\u017eb\u00e1m od externist\u016f. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce chyb bude nalezeno, t\u00edm spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je \u00fatok a t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed je pot\u0159eba spyware aktualizovat. Spole\u010dnost si uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 informace o slab\u00fdch m\u00edstech a chyb\u00e1ch v\u00a0datab\u00e1z\u00edch, m\u016f\u017ee tak b\u00fdt napadeno skoro jak\u00e9koli za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2013 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch softwar\u016f nen\u00ed 100% bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a i pokud budou chyby opraveny v\u00fdrobcem, st\u00e1le se vyskytuje bezpo\u010det z\u00e1znam\u016f o jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodech v\u00a0datab\u00e1zi NSO.<\/p>\n
Pokud je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed napadeno, \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk nad n\u00edm z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 plnou kontrolu. M\u016f\u017ee libovoln\u011b zap\u00ednat a vyp\u00ednat kameru, mikrofon, aplikace, m\u011bnit opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed, po\u0159izovat sn\u00edmky obrazovky a cokoli dal\u0161\u00edho, co v\u00e1s jen napadne. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou tedy pln\u011b v\u00a0moci \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka. Nejhodnotn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi informacemi jsou obvykle seznamy kontakt\u016f, poloha u\u017eivatele, z\u00e1znamy konverzac\u00ed a aktivit; ke v\u0161em t\u011bmto dat\u016fm m\u00e1 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk skrz Pegasus velmi snadn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. I ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky relativn\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch chatovac\u00edch aplikac\u00edch jako Signal nebo Threema se tak st\u00e1vaj\u00ed bezcenn\u00fdmi \u2013 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi jednodu\u0161e sta\u010d\u00ed si nahr\u00e1vat chat samotn\u00fd nebo po\u0159izovat sn\u00edmky obrazovky. \u00datok jako takov\u00fd je zcela nen\u00e1padn\u00fd, u\u017eivatel si jej v\u016fbec nev\u0161imne, proto\u017ee od n\u011bj nen\u00ed vy\u017eadov\u00e1na interakce. Pegasus se do za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed naistaluje bez v\u011bdom\u00ed ob\u011bti skrze mezeru v softwaru a r\u00e1zem z\u00edsk\u00e1 plnou moc \u2013 p\u0159\u00edstup ke v\u0161emu, co se v\u00a0za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed, co\u017e je velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m z\u00a0hlediska z\u00e1kladn\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed.<\/p>\n
NSO ofici\u00e1ln\u011b tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee software slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0boji proti terorismu a nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm organizac\u00edm. Realita je ov\u0161em takov\u00e1, \u017ee \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ji\u017e st\u00e1la \u017eivot \u0159adu lid\u00ed bez napojen\u00ed na teroristick\u00e9 \u010di jin\u00e9 zlo\u010dinn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0Mexiku nebo Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii. Pegasus vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i vl\u00e1dy n\u011bkter\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad Orb\u00e1n\u016fv re\u017eim v Ma\u010farsku. Zat\u00edm je potvrzeno zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru vl\u00e1dami minim\u00e1ln\u011b dvan\u00e1cti zem\u00ed. Typick\u00fdmi c\u00edly se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed investigativn\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i \u010di politi\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9, ob\u011bt\u00ed se v\u0161ak stali nap\u0159\u00edklad i rodi\u010de zmizel\u00fdch student\u016f v\u00a0Mexiku. NSO se obvin\u011bn\u00edm z\u00a0poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v br\u00e1n\u00ed a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee striktn\u011b kontroluje, kdo software pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Kontrola ze strany NSO je prokazateln\u00e1, ov\u0161em o to v\u00edce problematick\u00e1 \u2013 syst\u00e9m je prod\u00e1v\u00e1n jako slu\u017eba a nikoli jako software, tud\u00ed\u017e m\u00e1 spole\u010dnost p\u0159\u00edstup ke v\u0161em informac\u00edm. Forenzn\u00ed anal\u00fdza dok\u00e1zala, \u017ee Pegasus byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pro \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e i lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nebyli terorist\u00e9 ani zlo\u010dinci \u2013 o \u010dem\u017e NSO musela m\u00edt informace. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se tak software a firma samotn\u00e1 staly hodnotn\u00fdm artiklem pro diplomacii, zejm\u00e9na tu izraelskou.<\/p>\n
Pegasus je jen jedn\u00edm z\u00a0mnoha \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edch softwar\u016f na sou\u010dasn\u00e9m trhu. Ty nejlep\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako Pegasus, zero-day exploits a jin\u00e9 mezery v\u00a0k\u00f3du aplikac\u00ed. Jak se proti takov\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm br\u00e1nit? Bohu\u017eel neexistuje spolehliv\u00e1 softwarov\u00e1 ochrana, proto je velice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 hl\u00eddat sv\u00e9 osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje, nespol\u00e9hat se \u010dist\u011b na b\u011b\u017en\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 aplikace a d\u016fsledn\u011b si rozm\u00fd\u0161let, jak\u00e9 \u00fadaje poskytneme na sv\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong>. D\u00e1le m\u016f\u017ee pomoci m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fadaje na r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch pro minimalizaci \u0161kod a m\u00edt nainstalovan\u00e9 nejaktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verze softwar\u016f. I p\u0159es tato ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ak nen\u00ed zaru\u010deno, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017eete b\u00fdt po\u0161kozeni, a bohu\u017eel je nutno \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee zcela spolehliv\u00e1 ochrana p\u0159ed spywarem typu Pegasus, alespo\u0148 prozat\u00edm, neexistuje.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Zdroj: investigace.cz<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ned\u00e1vno se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila zpr\u00e1va o spywaru, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu vl\u00e1dy n\u011bkolika zem\u00ed \u0161pehovaly nepohodln\u00e9 ob\u010dany, co\u017e v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohlo v\u00e9st i k\u00a0jejich vra\u017ed\u011b. Software jm\u00e9nem Pegasus m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0v\u00edce funkc\u00edm mobiln\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ne\u017e s\u00e1m u\u017eivatel, co\u017e z\u00a0n\u011bj tvo\u0159\u00ed vysoce \u00fa\u010dinnou zbra\u0148. \u0160pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed technologie jsou velmi hodnotnou zbran\u00ed ji\u017e mnoho let. Osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje jsou velmi cenn\u00fdm zbo\u017e\u00edm, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1861,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kyberneticka-bezpecnost","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\n